An adult bee’s diet is primarily made up of three types of food. Honey, Nectar and Pollen. 

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NECTAR:

Some plants produce nectar in glands known as nectaries,  by complex photosynthesis activity.  The glands are commonly found at the base of flowers, where they produce nectar as a reward for pollinators, such as honey bees. There are also extrafloral nectaries often located  on the leaves or petiole.  The main constituent of nectar are carbohydrates; sugars such as glucose, sucrose and fructose, for some, a small amount of Sorbitol. Amino acids and proteins are the next most abundant solute in nectar. There are essential and non-essential amino acids, which are the building blocks for proteins and  some non-protein amino acids that are constituents of enzymes and preservatives.

Nectar also contains water,  important ions, such as potassium, as well as antioxidants, and trace amounts of lipids. 

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Foraging bees collect nectar by sucking up droplets with their proboscis. The nectar  provides immediate energy in the form of carbohydrate sugars, and excess nectar is stored in the bee’s stomach until the bee returns to the nest. The nectar is then passed from bee to bee.  An enzyme in the bee’s stomach turn the sugar into a diluted honey. This passage also helps remove some of the excess water.

The unripe honey is then stored in comb cells where worker bees fan it with their wings to evaporate the rest of the excess water until it becomes honey.

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POLLEN:

Pollen is a powdery substance produced by the stamen which is the male reproductive element of a flower. Pollen is quite a varied plant product rich in biologically active substances;  In the group of basic chemical substances, there are proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and fatty acids, phenolic compounds, enzymes, and coenzymes as well as vitamins and bioelements. 

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Bees do not intentionally carry out pollination; it is the unintended result of the bee’s travels; when a bee lands on a flower, the hairs all over the bees' body attract pollen grains through electrostatic forces.  Individual bees tend to focus on one kind of flower at a time, which means it's more likely that pollen from one flower will be transferred to another flower of the same species by a particular bee. Stiff hairs on their legs enable them to groom the pollen into specialized  pollen baskets known  as corbicula. Some honey or nectar is regurgitated from the honey bees' stomach and mixed with the pollen grains in order to help them stick together, and is carried back to the nest.

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Although a tough outer coating protects the pollen from environmental stressors, honey bees have enzymes in their digestive tract that split the grains apart at a weak point. The interior is then digested and the empty husks are excreted. Most of the pollen is eaten by nurse bees. They use the nutrition absorbed from it to secrete royal jelly from their hypopharyngeal glands. The jelly is fed to young larvae, including workers, drones, and queens.

After the larvae are about three days old, the jelly they receive comes mixed with bee bread; a mixture of whole pollen, honey, and enzymes. The larvae continue to eat this mixture until they spin their cocoons. The queens receive a steady diet of royal jelly throughout their development.

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Honey bees collect pollen even from plants that don’t provide nectar, such as corn. In corn-growing regions, pesticide-contaminated corn pollen is suspected of causing severe health problems within the hive.

Most bees collect just pollen or just nectar on any trip, but a few carry both at the same time.